How do children learn to speak, to count, to appreciate that a mess of lines on a page can represent a horse? These developments are the basis for some of the most complex and unique human achievements, like science, mathematics, and art. Between two and five children undergo extraordinary development in their ability to think about the world. Understanding these changes provides a unique opportunity to help children reach their full intellectual potential. In this talk, Dr Rabagliati and Dr Doumas will explain their current scientific understanding of how children’s neurological and social development interact to produce these remarkable cognitive changes.